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Plympton
Plympton, or Plympton Maurice or Plympton St Maurice or Plympton St Mary or Plympton Erle, in south-western Devon, is a populous, north-eastern suburb of the city of Plymouth of which it officially became part, along with Plymstock, in 1967. It was an ancient stannary town: an important trading centre in the past for locally mined tin, and a former seaport (before the River Plym silted up and trade moved down the river to Plymouth).
Plympton still has its own town centre (called the Ridgeway), and is itself an amalgamation of several villages, including St Mary's, St Maurice, Colebrook, Woodford, Newnham, Langage and Chaddlewood.
==Toponymy==
Although the name of the town appears to be derived from its location on the River Plym (compare, for instance, Otterton or Yealmpton), this is not considered to be the case. As J. Brooking Rowe pointed out in 1906, the town is not and never was sited on the river. The earliest surviving documentary reference to the place is as ''Plymentun'' in Anglo-Saxon charter S380 dated to around 900 AD,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Anglo-Saxon Charters )〕 and this name may be derived from the Old English adjective ''plymen'', meaning "growing with plum-trees". So ''Plympton'' would have the meaning "Plum-tree farm".〔 The local civic association, however, suggests an alternative derivation from the Celtic ''Pen-lyn-dun'' ("fort at the head of a creek").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Plympton Castle )〕 Alternatively, Cornish derivations also give ''ploumenn'' meaning 'plum' and ''plo(b)m'' meaning 'lead' - possibly related to Latin ''plombum album'' ( 'British lead') or tin.〔The ancient language and the dialect of Cornwall , Fred W.P.Jago, 1882, Truro〕
By the early 13th century, the River Plym was named from a back-formation from this name and nearby Plymstock. This later led to the naming of the fishing port created at the river's mouth (Plymouth, originally named Sutton) when the river estuary silted up too much for the monks to sail up river to Plympton any longer.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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